Why Do LCD Screens Produce Ripples When You Put Your Finger On Them?

To point out a location on a map or identify a person in a group photo to a friend, we invariably end up putting our fingers on the computer/laptop screen. While doing that, have you noticed that sometimes tiny ripples form around your fingers?

If your desktop/laptop screen shows those ‘ripples’ when you press a finger against it, it implies that you have an LCD screen. Note that you won’t notice this sort of ‘ripple effect’ in a CRT monitor or an ‘LED monitor’ (LED monitors have an LCD display that use LED backlighting). However, before we get into this strange predilection of LCD screens, let’s have a quick look and do a quick background check on liquid crystals.

Liquid Crystals

The term ‘liquid crystals’ can be somewhat paradoxical; after all, how can something be solid and liquid at the same time? This thought pops up in our heads because we are so used to the idea of only three states of matter, namely solid, liquid and gas. However, that’s not so; in fact, there are not one or two, butmany other states of matter. (For more information, check out How Many States of Matter Are There?). Liquid crystals are also a state of matter.

The ‘nematic’ phase of liquid crystals

As their name suggests, they share their properties and characteristics with both solids and liquids. It is due to liquid crystals that televisions have transformed from being power-guzzling, beastly machines occupying one entire corner of a room to being light and portable enough to be hung on the wall, consuming only a fraction of what primitive televisions consumed to operate.

The characteristic of liquid crystals that makes them ideal to be used in display screens is that they align themselves when an external electric field is applied to them. To be more technically specific, these liquid crystals are sandwiched between two pieces of polarized glass (also known as ‘substrate’, in technical terms). Light from a fluorescent source falls on the first piece of glass and passes on to the liquid crystals.

Now, these crystals align themselves in a way that allows varying levels of light to pass through and subsequently incident on the second piece of glass. The results of this process are the images that you see on the display screen. Note that liquid crystals don’t emit any light themselves; rather, they control whether light gets through them or not by aligning themselves in various patterns.

Pixels

This term has become so commonplace over the past decade that such instances are not uncommon:

A pixel (representing a ‘picture element’) is the smallest point on an image. The higher the number of pixels, the more information is projected through them, meaning more sharpness and clarity of the image. Each pixel consists of three cells; red, blue and green, i.e., one for each cell. Electric signals ensure that the liquid crystals within each cell bend and align themselves to project the myriad of colors you see projected on the screen.

Why do you see ‘ripples’ when you put your finger on the screen?

Now that you know what liquid crystals are and how they align themselves to show different colors on a screen, let’s go back to the question posed in the title of this article. Under normal conditions, namely when your fingers are clicking away on the mouse rather than moving around on the screen, the alignment of liquid crystals is normal, and everything is alright.

However, the moment you put your finger on the screen (to identify the person standing fourth from the top left corner in the class photo, to your friend), you essentially disturb the alignment of the liquid crystals in those pixels. As a result, you see rainbow-colored ripples forming around the point where your fingers touch the screen, as the misaligned liquid crystals cause cells in the pixels to get confused about what colors they are supposed to display. The good thing, though, is that they return to their normal state as soon as you remove your finger.

We know that there are much more sophisticated ways of pointing things out on a computer monitor (like using the pointer of the mouse); yet somehow we invariably tend to poke at the screen with our fingers instead. This isn’t particularly wise, especially if you do it for long periods of time or with extreme force, as you can do permanent damage to the image quality of your screen! So be careful, and keep your fingers where they belong!

SOURCE: www.scienceabc.com